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1. What does this program print? ``

cpp
#include <iostream>

struct Bad {
    char tag;
    int count;
    char flag;
};

struct Good {
    int count;
    char tag;
    char flag;
};

int main() {
    std::cout << sizeof(Bad) << ' ' << sizeof(Good) << '\n';
}

``

6 612 88 1212 12

2. What does this program print? ``

cpp
#include <iostream>

int main() {
    int grid[3][4] = {
        {1, 2, 3, 4},
        {5, 6, 7, 8},
        {9, 10, 11, 12},
    };
    const int* flat = &grid[0][0];
    std::cout << grid[2][1] << ' ' << (&grid[2][1] - flat) << '\n';
}

``

10 99 1010 3612 11

3. What does this program print? ``

cpp
#include <cstddef>
#include <iostream>

struct Pair {
    int a;
    char b;
};

int main() {
    std::cout << offsetof(Pair, b) << ' ' << sizeof(Pair) << '\n';
}

``

5 54 58 84 8

4. In row-major layout, the position of cell [r][c], counted from zero, is r * ___ + c. What goes in the blank?

Type your answer.

5. Which name from <cstddef> gives the byte position of a named field inside a struct? Answer with the name only.

Type your answer.

Layout and padding